Norman Fairclough
Norman Fairclough was born in 1941. He is emeritus Professor
of Linguistics at Lancaster University. He is one of the founders of CDA
(Critical Discourse Analysis) as a branch of sociolinguistics or discourse
analysis that looks at the influence of power relations on the context and
structure of writings.
Fairclough’s
theories have been influenced by Mikhail Bakhtin and Michael Halliday on the
linguistics field, and ideology theorists such Antonio Gramsci, Louis
Althusser, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu on the sociological one.
Since the
early 1980s, Fairclough’s research has focused on Critical Discourse Analysis,
including the place of language in social relations of power and ideology, and
how language figures in processes of social change. Over the past three years
he has been working specifically on aspects of ‘transition’ in Central and
Eastern Europe, especially Romania, from a discourse analytical perspective. This
research is based upon the theoretical claim that discource is an element of
social life which is dialectically interconnected with other elements, and may have
constructive and transformative effects on other elements.
His own
recent contribution to this research has included three main elements:
Theoretical development of CDA to
enhance its capacity to contribute to this area of social research.
Developing approaches to linguistic
analysis of text and interactions which are adapted to social research.
Application of this theory and method
in researching aspects of contemporary social change.
Fairclough’s line
of study also called Textually Oriented Discourse Analysis (TODA) is specially
concerned with the mutual effects of formally linguistic textual properties,
sociolinguistics speech genres, and formally sociological practices.
His book Languge and Power (1989) now
in a revised third edition 2014, explored the imbrications between language and
social institutional practices and of wider political and social structures.
Norman Fairclough