Needs Analysis (ESP)

NEEDS ANALYSIS

(Module of Economic Students)

Submitted as One of Assignments of ESP Course

Taught by Indah Muzdalifah, M.Pd

 

By

Kristina Dayanti

(1488203029)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING

UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING

 

BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS EKONOMI

UNIVERSITAS LANCANG KUNING

PEKANBARU

  

REFERENSI

Azar, Betty,S, Understanding and Using English Grammar. 1989, USA: Prentice Hall.

Mack, Angela, The Language of Business, 1975, UK: British Broadcasting Corporation.

McArthur, Tom, A Rapid Course in English for Students of Economic, 1990, Oxford.

Mead, Richard, English for Economics. 1985, Great Britain: Longman.

Methold,K. and J. Tadman, Office to Office: Practical Business Communication, Longman.

 

DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Not all economic system is the same. The economic system of the USA differs greatly from the system of the USSR. The American system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production, while Russian system is communistic and is based upon the principle of Karl Marx, the 19^th century political economist. The economic ideologies of these two nations contrast very strongly.

Britain is similar to the USA. It has an economic system based on private enterprise and private supplies of capital, which can be defined as surplus income available for investment in new business activities. Property in both the US and Britain can be owned by individual citizens and these citizens exercise considerable economic freedom of choice. They can choose what they want to do and how they want to earn their living.

WORD FORMATION

INVEST + MENT = INVESTMENT

MANAGE + MENT = MANAGEMENT

JUDGE + MENT = JUDGEMENT

VERB + MENT = NOUN

ECONOMY + IC = ECONOMIC

COMMUNIST + IC = COMMUNISTIC

SYSTEM + IC = SYSTEMATIC

NOUN + IC = ADJECTIVE

 

PRODUCE + ION = PRODUCTION

SATISFY + ION = SATISFACTION

ORGANIZE + ION = ORGANIZATION

VERB + ION = NOUN

 

PERSON + AL = PERSONAL

NATION + AL = NATIONAL

NATURE + AL = NATURAL

NOUN + AL  = ADJECTIVE

POSSIBLE + TY = POSSIBILITY

CERTAIN + MENT = CERTAINTY

PRIOR + TY = PRIORITY

ADJECTIVE + TY = NOUN

 

MIX + URE = MIXTURE

FAIL + URE =FAILURE

VERB + URE = NOUN

PARALLEL STRUCTURE

One use of a conjunction is to connect words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence. This use of conjuntion is called parallel structure. The conjunctions used in this pattern are and, but, or, nor.

A parallel structure may contain more than two parts. In a series, Commas are used to seperate each unit. The final comma that precedes the conjuction is optional but is customarily used. (no comma is used when there are only two parts to a parallel structure)

Example:

1.    In order to understand economics, we have to read, discuss and do economic activities.

2.    Selling, buying and negotiating are basic economic activities.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

      Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and papers). Services are such things as education, medicine, and commerce. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage, a man may buy a car or some service which helps him to mantain his car.

TERMINOLIGIES

·       Inflation                     : a decrease in the purchasing power of money.

·       Interest                       : the cost of borrowed money.

·       Deposit                      : a part payment of money, made in advance so that the seller will not sell the goods to  anyone else.

·       Heavy demand            : many people want (it)

·           Bank draft               : a written order by one bank to another to pay certain sum of money to someone.

·       In due course                :without too much delay.

·       Invoice                         : a bill for goods received (or sold).

·       Overcharge                  : an excess amount of money charged for goods.

·       Discrepancies              : errors, differences (between items, amounts, etc).

·       Overdue                      : left unpaid too long.

·       Lapse                           : come to an end.

·       Chartered accountant  : an accountant who has passed all of the official examinations and has full professional recognition.

·      Probationary period    : a fixed period of time for testing a person’s character, ability, etc, in order to decide whether s/he is suitable for a position or job.

 

CENTRAL CONTROL OF THE ECONOMY

      In states which have a communistic system, private property and private enterprise are reduced to a minimum. They exist, but they are limited to a small area of economy. Karl Marx conceived of a world in which there would be no private property whatsoever. Communism in theory states that all property should belong to the state. In practice, however, the citizens like the USSR are permitted to have personal effects.

DISCUSSIONS

America’s Economy, Slowing Down

     The evidence of economic slowdown is unmistakable. America’s growth fell to an annual rate of 2.4%, its lowest for four years. Unemployment insurance claims - often the first harbingers. Durable goods order fell by 5.6%. Company inventories have risen stronglyin the past year. Corporate profits are being squeezed by a combination of higher oil prices and slowing sales.

            The module above describes some material of English lesson studied in Faculty of Economic. Before we do Needs Analysis to this module, we have to know what the Needs Analysis.

            Need analysis is considered to be the cornerstone of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The concept of Needs analysis has been different along the decades. At the initial stages of ESP (the 1960s and early 1970s), needs analysis consisted in assessing the communicative needs of the learners and the techniques of achieving specific teaching objectives. Nowadays, the tasks of needs analysis is much more complex: it aims at collecting information about the leraners and at defining the target situation and environment of studying ESP.

            There are eight components in today’s concept of needs analysis which have been grouped into five broad areas including:

1.      Target situation analysis and objective needs analysis (e.g. tasks and activities learners will use English for)

2.      Linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, genre analysis, i.e. knowledge of how language and skills are used in the target situations.

3.      Subjective need analysis, i.e. leraners’ wants, means, subjective needs-factors that affect the way they learn (e.g. previous learning experiences, reasons for attending the course, expectations).

4.      Present situation analysis for the purpose of identifying learners’ current skills and language use.

5.      Means analysis, i.e. information about the environment where the course will run.

The results of the needs analysis help teachers to identify the students’ prospective professional needs, the students’ needs in terms of language skills and the students’ deficiencies in the area of language skills. Only after analysing the students’ needs and determining the objectives of the language course, we can select a material that meets the needs of the students. Thus, needs analysis is the foundation on which we can develop curriculum content, teaching materials and methods that can lead to increasing the learners’ motivation and success. 

 Based on the English module of Economic Faculty, the first one appears in our mind is why Economic students should learn English? We know that their major is Economy, so they focus to learn all lessons which relate in economy. Do they need English? What English that they need? These are things in Needs Analysis. Before we make syllabus, decide the material and arrange the module, we should know what the sudents’ need. We do it cause the necessities of every students are not same. English lesson needed by Economic students is different with engineering students and the others. We can not use the English module of Engineering Faculty as teaching materials in Economic Faculty and vice versa.

 

Analysis of The Module

Here are some aspects become Need Analysis material that will determine this module arranged based on economics students’ need:

1.      Description of The Module

In this course, students can learn a wide range of non-technical or technical terms and business concepts in English. Through this course, students will be introduced to the breadth of business world in which they will be able to practice and develop the terms and the concepts. Reading material and questions of practice concerning application, classification, and transfer of information provides an opportunity for students to practice the business concepts set forth in the form of discourses.

2.      Learning Outcome of English lesson for Economics Students

After studying this course, students are expected to understand the terms and concepts of business in English and to practice these concepts into the form of discourses to improve the ability of reading, listening, grammar and conversation in English. This material will help them when they are going to occupation world. Nowadays, English is a requirements to look for a job. The terms of business is in English. Later, they don not only build business relationship with people who has same region with them but also people from abroad. The ability to understand the terms and concepts of business in English, conversation and translating the business discourse in English are things which Economic students’ need.

3.       The Benefits of English Lesson for Economics Students

Students can train themselves to understand the terms and concepts of business in the English language business through readings given. Students can aslo learn English grammar is applied in sentences related to aspects of the business. In addition, students can also practice the fluency of their business conversation in English.

4.      Teaching Strategy

To achieve the objectives above, the students are given reading material (reading passages) on the concepts and practices of business, translating the concepts, reading comprehension by answering the questions provided, to learn good grammar, and train hearing (listening) or conversation in business topics.

In general, this subject is given by the interactive method, in which a conversation in English between students and lecturer and among students themselves are often used as a method of learning. It expected their English proficiency in business aspect is increasing.

5.      Tasks

Based on observation, every meetings, students are required to read material (reading passage) that exist on the diktat (module) before the lecturing. Thus when face to face in their own class, they can discuss the reading material and answer the questions in it.

Students are also assigned to provide examples of appropriate materials grammatical sentences (grammar) that is being discussed at each session. The task is often given as a task, so they can be able to prepare well, but they also asked to give examples spontaneously in class to test their proficiency. The task therefore given to the students is train their conversation in the class, both with their classmates or with the lecturer.

6.      Contents of The Module

The contents become teaching material is adapted based on Economics students’ need, we can see it by the references is used to arrange this module such as:

a.       Understanding and Using English Grammar

b.      The Language of Business

c.       A Rapid Course in English for Students of Economic

d.      Office to Office: Practical Business Communication

English lesson is not  compulsory subject in Faculty of Economic so that it just take 2 credit hours in one semester. Based on information of economic students, actually 2 credit hours in one semester is not enough to mastery in English cause not all students have good background knowledge in English especially in business aspects.

In brief, the module have designed based on economic students’ need. The English material is related their major such as grammar that will help them to make good proposal or another writing text of business in good writing component, and their economic or business (terms and concepts) knowledge is expand with material such as language business, rapid course in English, and practical business communication. It will be perfect if the credit hours is added like the students’ reason have mentioned above.